Absolute Ear....

Listened to absolute capacity is a person who has to form an image of any internal auditory tone marked by an appropriate symbol (note, letter) such that the individual can identify any aural tone presented acoustically ( "heard absolute liability") and produce any tone which is indicated by its symbol with tinnitus (ear absolute active "). The distinction between passive and active ear does not seem to be very important. There is no evidence that a person can have a good ear all active crashing while the liabilities or vice versa. People who have a real ear absolute recognize tones easily and immediately, ie without any effort impressive and, in particular, without using any "tricks" such as hum or whistle.
Although the absolute ear in humans is usually dependent on the classification of tones in accordance with the conventions of musical notation, is not simply the name of the musical note that can be identified but the very qualities of the note. The characteristics of a tone is identified with better accuracy than plus or minus a tolerance of 3% frequency of default by-step interval that forms the smallest unit in Western musical notation. The holder of this ear can tell if a tone played acoustically is more acute or more low in relation to an intonation pattern internally available to such holder.It appears that the intonation patterns of different owners of absolute ear may be different, depending on the level of intonation that have been exposed as children. This becomes evident when in possession of absolute reported hearing find difficult and even confusing when you have to listen to or play music at a level of refinement that differs from the internal standard.
In English, this capacity translates into perfect pitch, which refers to the ability to listen and immediately, reproduce the sound heard. This term, however, suggests that owners of hearing all are blessed with ears better than others, in particular, are in a sense able to measure the frequency just by listening, with enough accuracy, the note. This is not quite true. While it may be true that such owners as well as most musicians are able to assess more accurately than other sounds, this is related to his devotion to the sound and especially the training. In experiments perception of acoustic noise, possessors of absolute ear does not normally produce results that are different from those of non-owners. In particular, in the ears of those owners are changing perceptions and diversions of the eighth as well as normal people. I heard of absolute tend to stretch the scale of tones.

Types of absolute ear

In his article on absolute heard in the New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, the musician Richard Parncutt and cognitive psychologist Daniel Levitin, had some kind of absolute ear: Passive, active and very thin.

Listened to absolute liability

A person with absolute ear liabilities are able to identify the individual notes that listens, and can identify the key of a composition (assuming you have a certain level of musical knowledge), but are not able to sing the notes that they are needed.
Among the autistic savants and the incidence of absolute ear is the 1 / 20 or more. O ouvido absoluto também é comum entre aqueles que possuem a Síndrome de Williams. The full hearing is also common among those with the Williams syndrome.

Listened to absolute asset

People with active absolute ear can sing any note it is claimed, without taking other as reference. The number of holders of hearing all active in the United States is 1/10.000. Not all people with absolute ear are active musicians, but the musical preparation is necessary for the full development potential of the hearing of a person with absolute ear.

Absolute heard very thin

People with hearing absolute very thin are not only able to recognize a note on his behalf, but also know when a note is slightly more acute or lower with respect to the common standard tuning (440 Hertz). This ability is extremely rare.
Some ear musicians with absolute very thin are able to recognize whether a work is desafinada with respect to the pitch common to a distance of a few savarts. A Savart is the unit of tune, ie the amount of desafinação that may experience an ear. Equivale à 4 cents . Equivalent to 4 cents. Um cent é a centésima parte de um semitom. A cent is the hundredth part of a semitone.

Scientific studies

Physically and functionally, the auditory system of an absolute listener does not seem be measured differently than a non-absolute. Rather, "The perception of absolute ear is not dependent on a particular type of hearing; reflects a special ability to analyze information in frequency, presumably involving high-level cortical processing." Listened to it is an absolute act of cognition, memory requiring the frequency , A symbol for the frequency (as "B-flat"), and exposure to achieve the sound concerned by this token categorical.
Absolute can be heard directly analogous to recognize colors, phonemes (speech sounds) or other categorical perception of sensory stimuli. Even that most people have learned to recognize and name the color blue by its frequency, it is possible that those who had (around the ages of 3 and 6) a significant exposure to identify names of musical tones, for example, a C4 (central C).
However, it may be genetic, possibly an autosomal dominant genetic trait, that "could be nothing more than a general human capacity whose speech is heavily distorted by the level and type of exposure to music that people experience in a particular culture.

Influence of music experience

The absolute sense of hearing seems to be influenced by cultural exposure to music, particularly in familiarizing the equal-tempered scale of C major. The absolute majority of listeners who were tested in this regard, identified the main tone of the scale of C major and more reliably, except for the Si, faster than the five sharp tones, which is the most prevalent of these tones in simple experiments musical. A German study of non-musicians also showed a bias for using the tones of the scale of C major speech in a common, especially in connection with the emphasis syllables.

Perception

Although the absolute ear is predicated on the ability to perceive and identify "the color of tone" - where "color" is a psychological interpretation of a fundamental vibration frequency, is not absolute ear is not an increased ability to perceive and discriminate gradations of frequencies noise, but the ability to mentally categorize sounds in areas of preset time. The sense of hearing of an absolute listener is more prepared than a non-absolute ( "normal"), in addition to the tasks of identification (recognizing and naming a note) and discrimination (detecting changes or differences in rates of vibration ) Are made with different brain mechanisms.

Potential problems

People with hearing absolute feel irritated when a piece is transposed to another pitch or touched on another standard. Musicians with absolute ear may fail with respect to developing the skills of a hearing on when following the standard curriculum of persisting rather than a habit of music conceptualized as a result of absolute tones. So, find it hard to transpose or play a transposing instrument. I heard of absolute are also known to feel difficult playing with an orchestra that is tuned out of the original default (A4 = 400 hertz.)

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